Application of Wei nasal jet tube in painless gastroscopy in patients over age 60 / 中华消化内镜杂志

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Wei nasal jet tube (WNJT) in painless gastroscopy in patients over age of 60, 80 patients aged 60 years or older scheduled for gastroscopy under propofol mono-sedation in Beijing Friendship Hospital were divided into WNJT group ( n=40) and nasal cannula group ( n=40) according to the random number table method from January to June 2021. The main observation indicator was the difference in the incidence of hypoxemia between the two groups, the secondary observation indicators included the lowest pulse blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2), interventions related to hypoxemia, adverse events such as body movement, cough, epistaxis, sore throat, and the satisfaction of physicians, anesthetists and patients. The results showed that the procedure time and total dosage of propofol were no significant differences between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with the nasal cannula group, the incidence of hypoxemia in the WNJT group was significantly lower [2.5% (1/40) VS 25.0% (10/40), χ2=8.538, P=0.003], the lowest SpO 2 was significantly higher (97.7%±2.5% VS 92.6%±5.8%, t=5.093, P<0.001), and the use of jaw lift was reduced [5.0% (2/40) VS 35.0% (14/40), χ2=11.250, P=0.001]. The adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups ( P>0.05), but no case of epistaxis and sore throat occurred in the nasal cannula group. The two groups were comparable in terms of the satisfaction of patients, anesthetists and physicians ( P>0.05). In conclusion, WNJT can be used safely during gastroscopy with propofol mono-sedation in patients over 60 years old, with less incidence of hypoxemia and the number of airway interventions. But violent operation should be avoided to reduce the incidence of epistaxis and sore throat.

The influence of age on the safety of propofol mono-sedation gastroscopy for adult patients / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To assess the influence of age on the safety of propofol mono-sedation for adult patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on data of 321 patients scheduled for painless gastroscopy with propofol mono-sedation. According to the age, patients were divided into youth group (116 cases, 18-44 years), middle-aged group (103 cases, 45-59 years) and elderly group (102 cases, 60-80 years). The procedure time, the total dosage of propofol, the occurrence of airway obstruction or hypoxemia, the use of airway interventions including airway opening maneuvers and facemask ventilation, lowest SpO 2, adverse cardiovascular events (including hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, and bradycardia), and the use of ephedrine during painless gastroscopy were observed. Results:There was significant difference regarding the total dosage of propofol among youth group (173.2±47.0 mg), middle-aged group (158.8±41.3 mg) and elderly group (137.8±26.3 mg) ( F=21.761, P<0.001). The total dosage of propofol was significantly lower in the elderly group compared with the middle-aged group ( P<0.017) and youth group ( P<0.017), and that in the middle-aged group was significantly lower than that in the youth group ( P<0.017). The incidence of hypoxemia was 12.9% (15/116) in the youth group, 15.5% (16/103) in the middle-aged group and 25.5% (26/102) in the elderly group, with significant difference among three groups ( χ2=5.711, P=0.017). Moreover, the incidence of hypoxemia was significantly higher in the elderly group compared with the middle-aged group ( P<0.017) and youth group ( P<0.017). The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia and total adverse cardiovascular events were 5.2% (6/116), 4.9% (5/103) and 11.8% (12/102), 1.7% (2/116), 2.9% (3/103) and 7.8% (8/102), and 11.2% (13/116), 10.7% (11/103) and 20.6% (21/102) respectively in youth, the middle-aged and the elderly group. There were no significant differences in the above indicators among the three groups ( P>0.05). However, compared with those of the young and the middle-aged patients, the occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia and total adverse cardiovascular events in the elderly patients were on the rise. There were no significant differences among the three groups in other indices( P>0.05). Conclusion:Total dosage of propofol may need to be decreased gradually with the increase of age of patients undergoing gastroscopy with propofol mono-sedation. Compared with young and middle-aged patients, elderly patients have a significantly higher incidence of hypoxemia, with a tendancy of total adverse cardiovascular events increase, so the safety of painless gastroscopy is reduced for these patients.

Evaluation of left lateral position I-scope endotracheal intubation for optimization of preoperative anesthesia time before endoscopic submucosal dissection / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate left lateral position I-scope tracheal intubation for optimizing anesthesia time during the patient′s general anesthesia before endoscopic submucosal dissection.Methods:A total of 150 patients with early upper gastrointestinal cancer were enrolled in the study for endoscopic submucosal dissection in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from March to December 2018. Patients were randomly divided into three groups with 50 patients in each group. The SL group underwent I-scope tracheal intubation in the left lateral position, SS group underwent I-scope tracheal intubation in the supine position, and MS group underwent Macintosh laryngoscope tracheal intubation in the supine position. Preoperative non-essential anesthesia time (the time between successful intubation and operation), attempts for tracheal intubation and complications related to intubation were analyzed.Results:The preoperative non-essential anesthesia time was 8.55±2.16 min in SL group, 10.44±2.43 min in SS group, and 10.56±3.20 min in MS group, with significant difference among three groups ( F=9.08, P<0.001), and the time in SL group was shorter than that in SS group ( P<0.001) and MS group ( P<0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in non-essential anesthesia time between the SS group and MS group ( P=0.819). The success rate of first attempt intubation was 96.0% (48/50) in SL group, 90.0% (45/50) in SS group, and 92.0% (46/50) in MS group, with no significant differences among three groups ( χ2=2.601, P=0.627). The incidences of cough and expectoration, dry mouth and mucosal injury showed no statistical differences among three groups during transference to the ward after tracheal catheter removal (all P>0.05). The incidence of sore throat in MS group (38.0%, 19/50) was higher than that in SL group (18.0%, 9/50, P<0.05) and SS group (18.0%, 9/50, P<0.05), while the difference was not statistically significant between SL group and SS group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:I-scope tracheal intubation in the left lateral position may shorten the preoperative anesthesia time in patients undergoing general anesthesia for the operation in the left lateral position, and optimize overall anesthesia time.

Application of regional arterial infusion chemotherapy in short-term neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of short-term neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and to compare clinical efficacy of short-term neoadjuvant chemotherapy with different ways.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 310 AGC patients treated with one course of NACT using EOF regimen(epirubicin, oxaliplatin and fluorouracil plus calcium folinate) in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzes. Efficacy was compared between regional arterial infusion chemotherapy and intravenously chemotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 310 AGC patients completed one course of NACT and none was interrupted by adverse events. Postoperative pathological remission rate was 33.9% (105/310) and 5 patients (1.6%) had complete pathological remission. The pathologic response rate in the regional arterial infusion chemotherapy group was higher than that in the intravenously chemotherapy group(42.4% vs. 23.6%, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that chemotherapy method(HR=1.827, 95% CI:1.006-3.316, P = 0.048) was associated with significantly higher pathologic response.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pathological response rate is quite low following short-term NACT. Regional arterial infusion chemotherapy with short-term NACT can improve the pathological response rate of advanced gastric cancer.</p>

Study on promotion of growth hormone for colorectal cancer cell proliferation / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To detect the expression of GHR in colorectal cancer cell lines and determine whether recombinant human growth hormone can promote the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro.Methods GHR distribution was assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence method in 9 colorectal cancer cell lines.The effect of recombinant human growth factor on colorectal cancer cell line proliferation was assessed by MTT method.Results Different GHR expression was determinated in 9 colorectal caner cell lines.GHR was highly expressed in HCT-8 while GHR expression could hardly be detected in LoVo.r-hGH could promote GHR(+) HCT-8 cell proliferation at 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml (P ＜0.05).But this effect was not dose dependent.When the neutralizing antibody was used to block GHR activity,this r-hGH dependent proliferation effect was eliminated.r-hGH could not promote GHR (-) LoVo cell proliferation (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrates that r-hGH could promote GHR (+) tumor cell proliferation and this effect is mediated by GHR.The use of r-hGH on the colorectal cancer patients should be cautious.

Propofol attenuates acute lung injury after hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of acute lung injury after hepatic ischemia / reperfusion and the protective effect of propofol.Method s Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham2 group,Sham6 group; IR2 group (IR2),IR6 group (IR6); P2 group (P2),P6 group (P6).The 1 mg·kg-1·min-1 propofol was infused from 30min before ischemia in P groups,and the same volume sodium lactate Ringer's solution was infused in Sham and IR groups.The concentration of TNF-α,superoxidedimutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),myeloperosidase(MPO),lung wet/dry weight ratio and lung histological scores were measured at the points of 2 and 6 hour after reperfusion.Results TNF-α levels were higher in IR and P groups than those in sham groups but the values in P groups were lower than those in IR groups.SOD levels decreased greatly in IR groups,there were great difference between P and IR groups.MDA levels increased greatly in IR groups and reached the peak value at 6 hour after reperfusion.MDA levels in P groups were lower than those in IR groups and there were no difference between P and sham groups.The ratio of Wet/dry levels,MPO and lung histological scores were increased greatly after reperfusion in IR and P groups.But the value in P groups was lower than those in IR groups.Conclusions Acute lung injury after hepatic ischemia / reperfusion is mainly induced by the oxidant stress and neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues.Propofol may have effects of antioxidation and decrease neutrophil infiltration which attenuate lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion.

structure and functions of Collagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin / 医学研究生学报

The angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin is a 20 000 C terminal fragment of collagen ⅩⅧ.Endostatin inhibits endothelial cell migration in vitro and appears to be highly effective in murine in vivo studies. Endostatin is a specific and the most effective antiangiogenisis till now. The molecular mechanisms behind the inhibition of angiogenesis have not yet been elucidated.The structure and functional roles in angiogenesis of wllagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin were reviewed.

The relationship between angiogenesis,proliferation and lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objectives:To study the relationship between angiogenesis,proliferation and lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer. Methods: Forty six rectal cancer specimens were examined immunohistochemically. The intratumor microvessel density(MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)expression positive rate and Ki 67 label index(Ki 67 LI) were detected and their relationship with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Results: The MVD, VEGF expression positive rate and Ki 67 LI increased significantly( P

Methods and the clinical significance of preoperative estimation of expansive types of gastric cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objectives: The research is designed to study the accuracy and characteristics of diagnostic methods for estimating the expansive type of gastric cancer in normal clinical practice, and to evaluate the clinical significance of this estimation. Methods: Preoperative Borrmann classifications of gastric cancer were diagnosed by endoscopies, barium studies and computed tomographies. The results were compared with Borrmann classifications from surgical specimens. Results:The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy in small gastric cancers was better than that in large gastric cancers. The diagnostic accuracy of CT for type Ⅰ and Ⅳ, which have more obvious gross characteristics, was better, and for type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ, which need to be differentiated by local characteristics such as morphologic appearances of ulcers, was worse. The barium study estimated the expansive type of gastric cancer according to borders of tumors, characteristics of ulcers and whole figure, However, it was difficult to observe detailed changes. Conclusions: To improve the veracity of preoperative diagnosis for the expansive type of gastric cancer requires integrative use of endoscopies, barium studies and computed tomographies. The diagnosis of biological characteristics of gastric cancer reflects its quality, and the diagnosis of aggressive degree reflects its quantity. Only with the diagnosis of these two aspects, can we estimate the clinical pathological process of the gastric cancer completely and comprehensively, so as to select the most reasonable and desirable treatment.

Preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy and chemiluminescence of peripheral blood lymphocyte in patients with gastric cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To study the influence of preoperative arterial infusion chemotherapy on chemiluminescence(CL) of peripheral blood lymphocyte(Ly) in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: 70 patients with gastric cancer were chosen. Peripheral blood samples were gathered to separate lymphocytes at pre-chemotherapy, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post-chemotherapy respectively. CL and kinetics of lymphocytes were detected. Results:Ly-CL of gastric cancer patients rapidly decreased at 24 hours post-chemotherapy(P 0.05). At same time proliferation index of lymphocytes changed synchronically and correlated positively to Ly-CL (r=0.61,P

A histopathological comparison of changes after neo-adjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To compare the histopathological changes after neo-adjuvant radiotherapy and to elucidate the mechanism of radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Methods: 80 patients with rectal cancer in pTNM stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ were enrolled between April 2000 and December 2002.They were randomly assigned to surgery alone or preoperative neo-adjuvant radiotherapy.The conventional radiotherapy scheme was followed: 40 Gy in 2.0 Gy fractions.The treatment last 4 weeks and it is usually followed by an interval of 1-2 weeks before the operation.Pathological changes including necrosis of tumor and changes of matrix and vessels were graded. Results: Significant tumor regression(RCRG 1) was seen in 14 cases(35 percent) after radiotherapy,while partially tumor regression(RCRG 2) was seen in 18 cases(45 percent).Significant necrosis was observed in 72.5 percent of cases after preoperative radiotherapy,most foci of adenocarcinoma were replaced by fibrosis in 80 percent of cases,and intimal thickening in most of the vessels were seen in 77.5 percent of cases.The frequency of these pathological changes after radiotherapy was significantly more than control group. Conclusion: Necrosis,fibrosis and thickening of vascular intima in the rectal cancer tissue after radiotherapy is more frequent than those without radiotherapy.It may be the potential reason for increased resection rate and sphincter-saving after radiotherapy.

Inhibitory effect of endostatin mediated by retroviral gene transfer on human liver carcinoma SMMC7721 in vivo / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of human endostatin expressed by host cells on the growth of human liver carcinoma in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human endostain gene was transferred into SMMC7721 cells by retroviral pLncx to build endostatin-transfected cell line. PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were applied to examine the transfection, expression and secretion of endostatin. Endothelial cell proliferation assay was used to determine the biological activity of expressed endostatin. The in vivo and in vitro growth rates of the endostatin-transfected and control SMMC7721 cells were also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCR proved that the genome of endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 cells contained a 550 bp specific fragment of endostatin. The expression and secretion of human endostatin from endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 cells were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Endostatin expressed by host cells could inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by 48% (P < 0.01). In vitro proliferation assay showed that endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 cells had no change in proliferation rate compared to control SMMC7721 cells. In comparison with control group, however, tumor growth rate in vivo from endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 cells was inhibited greatly by 94.5%, 22 days after inoculation into nude mice (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human endostatin mediated by retroviral gene transfer can inhibit greatly the growth of human liver carcinoma SMMC7721 in vivo.</p>

Long-term results of selective vagotomy plus antrectomy in treatment of duodenal ulcer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the long-term results of selective vagotomy plus antrectomy in treatment of duodenal ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety-three patients with duodenal ulcer were subjected to selective vagotomy plus antrectomy from November 1977 to November 2001. These patients included 28 patients with refractory ulcer, 112 with recurrent bleeding, 41 with pylori obstruction, and 12 with duodenal and gastric ulcer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BAO, IMAO, PMAO and serum gastrin were decreased significantly after an 1 - 24-year follow-up after selective vagotomy plus antrectomy. The characteristics of inhibitory secretive were observed in parietal cells. Follow-up after operation for 1 - 10 years and 11 - 24 years showed that 95.60% and 96.61% of patients belonged to Visick grade I and II, and 4.40% and 3.39% of patients belonged to Visick grade III, respectively. No ulcer recurrence was seen during the 1 - 24 year follow-up after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SV + A is an effective method for duodenal ulcer, especially for complicated duodenal ulcer, with permanent reduction of gastric acid and no recurrence.</p>

Anti-tumor effect of human endostatin mediated by retroviral gene transfer in nude mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the inhibitory effect of human endostatin gene mediated by retroviral vector on the growth of human liver carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A recombinant retroviral plasmid containing human endostatin gene and signal peptide was engineered and transferred into PA317 cells to produce retrovirus. Human liver carcinoma cells (SMMC7721) were infected with the above retrovirus to build a stable endostatin-transfected liver carcinoma cell line (SMMC-endo). The control liver carcinoma cell line (SMMC-pLncx) was developed in a similar way except that the plasmid was replaced by an empty retroviral vector. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to test the expression and secretion of human endostatin. The biological activity of the expressed human endostatin was assessed by endothelial cell proliferation assay. The growth rates of SMMC-endo and control SMMC-pLncx cells in vivo and in vitro were also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression and secretion of human endostatin by endostatin-transfected SMMC-endo cells were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Compared with the control group, concentrated supernatant of SMMC-endo cells remarkably inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by 48%, significantly higher than the inhibition by the control (10.2%; P < 0.01). The endostatin-transfected SMMC-endo cells had similar in vitro growth rates to SMMC-pLncx cells. The in vivo experiment showed that the growth rate of SMMC-endo cells was slowed. Only in 3 out of 5 mice were tumors formed and flank tumors of SMMC-endo cells were 94.5% smaller than those of control cells 22 days after inoculation into nude mice (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gene transfer of human endostatin mediated by retroviral vector is an effective form of cancer therapy.</p>

Association between the expression of telomerase activity and apoptosis in primary breast cancer patients / 医学研究生学报

Objectives:To investigate the association and the prognostic significance of the expression of telomerase activity (TA) and apoptosis (APO) in tissues of primary breast cancer.Methods:TRAP-PCR and ELISA were developed to detect the expression of TA,and make quantitative and qualitative analysis respectively.TUNEL was also used to evaluate apoptosis cells in cancer lesions and count apoptosis index (AI).The expression levels of proteins of oncogene Bcl-2 and p53 were measured by means of S-P immunohistochemistry.Results:The mean TA positive expression rate was 89.8%,and its mean optic density was (A) 0.63±0.29,which were significantly higher than those of normal tissues and benign breast lesions (P<0.05).The 5 years survival rate of patients with positive TA expression was lower (60.3%) than those of negative expression (77.4%).There were no relations between TA expression and patients ages,TNM staging,lymph nodes metastasis,size,locations and pathological types of cancer.But TA was positively correlated with APO (r=0.733 1,P<0.05) and the protein expression of oncogene Bcl-2 (r=0.781 4,P<0.05) and negatively correlated with that of p53 (r=-0.625 5,P<0.05).Moreover,in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy,the levels of TA expression were much lower than those without chemotherapy (64.7% vs 85.1%),and the former had higher AI than the latter (7.19±3.75% vs 3.23±2.04%),intraarterial chemotherapy group were superior significantly to adjuvant group (P<0.05).Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis showed that only TA and AI influenced the survival time of primary breast cancer patients,and patients with higher positive TA expression and AI>4.0% had shorter survival time than those of negative TA expression and AI<4.0% patients.Conclusions:There was a significant correlation between TA and APO and its related oncogene Bcl-2,p53.TA and APO are of great diagnostic values,therapeutic helps and prognostic significance in the formation and the development of primary breast cancer.

Changes of angiogenesis in rectal cancer patients after preoperative radiotherapy / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the effect of preoperative radiotherapy on angiogenesis of rectal cancer. Methods Twenty patients with advanced lower rectal carcinoma received preoperative radiation with a dosage of 30～40 Gy each time for a total of 15～20 sessions during a period of 3～4 weeks. The definitive surgery was performed 7～10 days after radiotherapy. Another 20 patients undergoing tumor resection without preoperative radiotherapy served as control. Tumor sample was sent for pathology. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 in the rectal cancer were detected immunohistochemically. The intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) was measured. Results Fifteen patients were found with grade Ⅱ and five patients with grade Ⅲ tissue response in radiotherapy group. The diameter of intratumoral microvessel was smaller in radiotherapy group than in control group( P

Expression of G-CSFR and its mRNA in human colorectal cancer and normal mucosa tissues / 解放军医学杂志

Objective The purpose of the study was to study the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) in human colorectal cancer (CPC) and the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the development and progression of human CRC. Methods Forty-two specimens of CRC and normal colorectal mucosa were harvested from colon or rectum in a group of patients who were suffering from CRC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique were used to demonstrate expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. The relationship between expression of G-CSFR and clinical or pathological pictures was analyzed. Results Immucohistochemical analyses revealed that G-CSFR was expressed in the human colorectal cancer (25/42, 59.52%), and it appeared to be up-regulated compared with the normal mucosa (14/42, 33.33%, P

THE USE OF STAPLING APPARATUS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE / 解放军医学杂志

From March 1980 through April 1983. Models GF-1 XF and CF stapling apparatuses for gastrointestinal anastomosis, all domestically made, were used in 203 patients for 316 anastomoses. The types of operation included gastrojejunal.gastroduodenal.Roux-Y gastrojejunal. colo-rectal.esophagogastric. esophago-esophageal. and esophago-jejunal anastomoses, and closure of gastric and duodenal stumps. The technic and results of using such stapling apparatuses were described in detail. No anastomotic leakage or bleeding occurred with exception of one case. The advantages of the stapling apparatus can be summarized as:(1) The anastomotic stoma made by such apparatus was smoother and tidier than that of conventional suturing method; (2)Some anastomoses,which would be technically impossible with conventional suturing technic, were successfully made with the aid of the stapling apparatus; (3) The stapler shortened the operation time. However, it should be emphasized that the operator should familiarize themself with the construction and the method of operation of the stapler beforehand.

INVESTIGATION OF PEROXISOMES (MICROBODIES) IN HUMAN LIVER CELLS WITH ULTRACYTOCHEMISTRY AND STEREOLOGY / 解剖学报

Peroxisomes (microbodies) were studied with CATase, G-6-Pase, TPPase, CMPase cytochemistry and stereology by electron microscopy in 15 cases of normal human liver specimens. In human hepatocytes peroxisomes are ellipsoid or round intracellular bodies. They contain homogeneous fine granular matrix, and surrounded by unit membrane, and distribute randomly in the cytoplasm. By stereological analysis, the peroxisomes accounted for 1.33?0.38% of the cytoplasmic volume, their numerical density in spase was 9.76?1.63/100 ?m~3 cytoplasm, and the ratio of mitochondria to peroxisomes in quantity was 6.22?1.17. The result of G-6-Pase cytochemistry showed no luminal connection between endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. The membrane similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum seem to be connected with peroxisomes which was G-6-Pase negative, hence such membrane may be peroxisomal membrane system rather than smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The TPPase cytochemistry showed that peroxisomes did not connect with the Golgi complex structurally, and the Golgi complex may not be involved in the biogenesis of peroxisomes. Some figures resembled fission and budding of peroxisomes were viewed, and this finding suggested that new peroxisomes formed probably by division of preexisting peroxisomes.